The U.S. economy has proven to be very resilient to all sorts of shocks over the past several decades. In part this reflects the fact that not all sectors of the economy move together, and a decline in one sector does not always imply major problems in the economy as a whole. The economy withstood Hurricane Katrina, oil shocks, and 9/11 with remarkable resiliency.

As you are no doubt aware, the monthly statistics reported on the economy are very volatile and subject to revision. The FOMC works hard to differentiate those factors that may have only a temporary impact on the economy or inflation from those of a more sustained nature...

The Committee looks at a variety of data and economic information in formulating its economic outlook. When information indicates that the outlook for economic growth and inflation has changed, one still has to ask whether it has changed enough to impede the achievement of the Fed’s goals of price stability and maximum sustainable economic growth. As I mentioned, the economy is remarkably resilient. One must also ask how much monetary policy can influence that forecast over the relevant time horizon. Thus the Committee usually does not base its decision to change monetary policy on any one number, but instead assesses the cumulative impact of all incoming data for the outlook in light of its ultimate goals.

So far, I have not seen hard or soft data that provide conclusive signs that housing problems are spilling over into the broad economy.

 I would like to reinforce remarks made last week by Chairman Bernanke on the recent turbulence in financial markets.  In the United States we have seen a fairly sharp downturn in housing markets, and in recent weeks there have been growing investor concerns about mortgage credit performance, particularly with subprime mortgages.  If current conditions persist in mortgage markets, the demand for homes could weaken further, with possible implications for the broader economy.  And financial stress has not been limited just to mortgage markets, but has spread to other markets.  In general, a shift in risk attitudes has interacted with heightened concerns about credit risks and uncertainty about how to evaluate those risks. 

However, in light of recent financial developments, economic data bearing on past months or quarters may be less useful than usual for our forecasts of economic activity and inflation. Consequently, we will pay particularly close attention to the timeliest indicators, as well as information gleaned from our business and banking contacts around the country.

Although this episode appears to have been triggered largely by heightened concerns about subprime mortgages, global financial losses have far exceeded even the most pessimistic projections of credit losses on those loans. In part, these wider losses likely reflect concerns that weakness in U.S. housing will restrain overall economic growth. But other factors are also at work. Investor uncertainty has increased significantly, as the difficulty of evaluating the risks of structured products that can be opaque or have complex payoffs has become more evident. Also, as in many episodes of financial stress, uncertainty about possible forced sales by leveraged participants and a higher cost of risk capital seem to have made investors hesitant to take advantage of possible buying opportunities. More generally, investors may have become less willing to assume risk. Some increase in the premiums that investors require to take risk is probably a healthy development on the whole, as these premiums have been exceptionally low for some time. However, in this episode, the shift in risk attitudes has interacted with heightened concerns about credit risks and uncertainty about how to evaluate those risks to create significant market stress.

The most plausible downside risk is that financial market developments will lead to higher mortgage rate spreads and will further depress housing activity.

    William Poole, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, said there's no sign that the subprime-mortgage rout is harming the broader U.S. economy, and an interest-rate cut isn't yet needed.   ``I don't see any impact as yet on the real economy or on the inflation rate,'' he said in an interview in the bank's boardroom. ``Obviously, there could be an impact, but we have to rely on some real evidence.''
     Barring a ``calamity,'' there is no need to consider an emergency rate cut, Poole said. His comments were the first by a Fed official since the U.S. central bank joined counterparts in
Europe and Asia to inject emergency funds after a surge in money-market rates. The Fed has added $71 billion of reserves in the past five trading days.
     Poole, 70, said businesses have maintained their hiring and investment plans and banks have sufficient capital to weather the credit-market turmoil. The St. Louis Fed chief stressed that the best course is for policy makers to assess the latest economic data when they next meet Sept. 18. The comments contrast with the certainty that traders put on a rate cut next month.   ``If the data confirm the market's view that the economy is sagging, we'll have to decide whether to share that view,'' said Poole, who votes on the rate-setting Federal Open MarketCommittee this year. He cited the monthly jobs, retail sales and industrial production reports as key gauges he'll be watching.

As reported by Bloomberg News

The economy should grow back towards the 3 percent that I estimate to be our long-term potential.

As reported by Bloomberg News 

In the U.S., the recent reversal of the boom in housing activity and house prices has contributed to a slowdown in economic growth. But the consequences of the declines in housing activity and house prices, in my view, have so far not derailed the prospect that economic growth will return toward trend at the end of 2007 and in 2008.

Except the housing sector, I would expect economic growth to pick up.  We are a powerful economic machine.  We continue to grow.

As reported by Bloomberg News

I continue to expect that the economy is not as weak as some of the negative pundits would view it.

As reported by Reuters News

I feel very confident at this point that the economy will strengthen.  I am hopeful that the inflation numbers that we've seen of late will continue to decelerate as we move forward through the rest of this year and into next.

As reported by Bloomberg News

Growth during the first quarter of this year was held down by some factors--notably, significant declines in inventory accumulation, net exports, and federal defense spending--that seem likely to be at least partially reversed in the near term. Of course, the adjustment in the housing sector is still ongoing, and the slowdown in residential construction now appears likely to remain a drag on economic growth for somewhat longer than previously expected. Thus far, however, we have not seen major spillovers from housing onto other sectors of the economy. On average, over coming quarters, we expect the economy to advance at a moderate pace, close to or slightly below the economy’s trend rate of expansion.

[A]lthough core inflation seems likely to moderate gradually over time, the risks to this forecast remain to the upside.  In particular, the continuing high rate of resource utilization suggests that the level of final demand may still be high relative to the underlying productive capacity of the economy.